It contains the most impressive burials, altars, and artifact deposits, in terms of both quantity and quality, of all of the Hopewell mounds, in Ohio and beyond. The Hopewell used these earthworks as ceremonial centers, social gathering places, trading posts, and places of worship. 100 to 500 CE) and Steed Kisker (ca. After the Hopewell people cremated the dead, they burned the charnel house. It was a village site permanently inhabited from approximately 1 CE to 500 CE by peoples of the Kansas City Hopewell culture and through the Woodland period to 1200 CE by peoples of the Middle Mississippian culture. 785.864.4245 fax. The largest of Adena’s burial mounds, standing at 62 feet high and is 240 feet in diameter, is thought to have been built over a period of 100 years or more. Their original size is estimated to be 500 feet long, 180 feet wide, and 30 feet tall. Astounding quantities of finely crafted art made of exotic materials were buried here as part of elaborate mortuary ceremonies. The Kansas City Hopewell peoples grew a variety of domesticated plants, including squash and marsh elder. 1891-92: Warren Moorehead excavates to find artifacts for the 1893 “World’s Columbian Exposition” in Chicago. At this site, they built an enormous earthwork complex spanning about 130 acres. Legal. By this time, Mordecai Hopewell owns the land. Bikes are only permitted on the bike path, not on the interpretive trail. Traditionally, the appearance of pottery, mound burial, horticulture, storage features, and the bow-and-arrow have defined the Woodland period in the Central Great Plains. The site contains Hopewell and succeeding Middle Mississippianremains. Consequently, a remarkable American Indian culture, which is believed to have stretched from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, is named after an otherwise obscure Chillicothe land owner. The Hopewell Studied since the discovery of the conspicuous mounds in The mound group itself was named for the family who owned the earthworks at the time. 1 It was an enormous culture with many local expressions that traded ideas and artifacts with each other over vast distances. Two centuries of plowing gradually leveled the sloping earthen embankment walls until they are barely visible today. The people of the Hopewell culture built immense structures, often out of earth, whose purpose remains a source of debate among archaeologists. 1848: Ephraim Squier and Edwin Davis draw the most famous map of the site and include it in their groundbreaking work Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, the first book ever published by the Smithsonian Institution. They built earthen enclosures in the shapes of circles, squares, octagons, parallel lines, and other forms. However, the conical-type Grave Creek Mound in Moundsville, West Virginia, is much larger. After the exposition, all the artifacts are stored and displayed in Chicago’s newly created “Field Museum.” The Hopewell Indians were known as superior crafts­men who created some of the finest works of art in the prehistoric Americas. Ephraim Squier’s dramatic 1848 engraving (seen above) pictures this enormous triple peaked mound surrounded by the low earthen wall that formed a smaller D-shaped enclosure within the great enclosure. This is a 24/7 regulation, every day of the year. The Hopewell culture was the first pan-american culture that stretched from Kansas to New York, Canada to Florida from 200BC to 500AD. This site is accessible for visitors during daylight hours. 1820: Caleb Atwater draws the first map of these earthworks. From 28 Hopewell attractions, Yelp helps you discover popular restaurants, hotels, tours, shopping, and nightlife for your vacation. 16062 State Route 104 785.864.5243 The Kansas City Hopewell period is divided by archaeologists into three phases based on radiocarbon dates and changes in projectile point styles and ceramic decoration. Important Note: Launching, landing and operation of any type of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV / drones) is not permitted within National Park Service boundaries at any time. The Kansas City Hopewell are believed to have migrated into this area from the eastern woodlands of the Ohio River valley, and cultural remains are especially common in the Kansas City region along the Missouri River. Therefore, the culture was named after this farm field, which happened to be owned by a gentleman named Mordecai Hopewell at the time. The current theories about Hopewell Mound Group and its builders are founded on the scientific conclusions of archeologists who have studied this site over nearly two centuries. The Renner Village archeological sitein Riverside, Missouri, is one of several sites near the junction of Line Creek and the Missouri River. The Hopewell culture, also called the Hopewell tradition, is an archeological era of Native Americans that flourished along rivers from the Atlantic Ocean to the eastern Great Plains, and from the Great Lakes region to the Gulf of Mexico. Early archeologists named the site for its owner, Mordecai C. Hopewell. 2001: Using magnetometry, archeologists from the National Park Service and OSU find no evidence of long term settlement within the earthen walls. Two earthworks features are located within the parallelogram, one circular and one D-shaped. [4], The Cloverdale archaeological site is situated at the mouth of a small valley that opens into the Missouri River Valley, near St.Joseph, Missouri. I It was added to the National Historic Register on April 16, 1969. 32146 North Missouri Route 122 660-886-7537 • MoStateParks.com It is not restricted to just park operating hours. An earthen wall extended for over two miles, surrounding an immense sacred space that included 29 burial mounds. It is however uncertain whether this culture developed locally when people adopted Hopewell traits, or if westward migrating Hopewell people brought it all with them.[2]. Their exploitation of the resources of the oak-hickory forest allowed them to establish permanent villages. This site contains restrooms and a covered picnic shelter. Remnants of the east, west, and north walls are visible. Eventually, word spread about the intriguing phenomenon and archeologists arrived to study the earthwork and its burials. A smaller square enclosure with sides 850 feet long is connected to the east side of the parallelogram. Paralleling the trail on the northwest side of the great enclosure, lies an intact, six-foot-high section of the original 2,000-year-old embankment wall. The abundance and exquisite craftsmanship of the artifacts enthralls visitors at the exposition and the concept of the “Hopewell Culture” is born. The Hopewell Exchange system began in the Ohio and Illinois river valleys about 300 BCE. "Hopewell"-style pottery and stone tools, typical of the Illinois and Ohio river valleys, are abundant at the Trowbridge site, and decorated Hopewell style pottery rarely appears further west. They also discover a new 90-foot diameter circular earthwork within the great enclosure (the smaller circle on the map between Mounds 2 and 23). Newly described cultures are usually named after the place where they are first discovered. The Kansas City Hopewell were the farthest west regional variation of the Hopewell tradition of the Middle Woodland period (100 BCE – 700 CE). The site was named after the Hopewell family who owned the site in the 1890s when the site was excavated. Museum of Anthropology 1340 jayhawk blvd. The majority of their diet seems to have come from wild resources such as seeds, nuts, deer, raccoon, and turkey. 1200 CE) occupation. He names the earthworks “Clark Fort” after the owners of the farm field. This was particularly salient in the Midwest and Southeast, where earthen This site provided the greatest set, both in quality and quantity, of artistic Hopewell objects ever discovered. The parking area at the trailhead is located on Sulpher Lick road, just west of Maple Grove road and the North Fork Creek. At the western edge of the Hopewell interaction sphere is the Kansas City Hopewell. Hopewell trading networks were quite extensive, as has been found by the evidence of goods such as obsidian from the Yellowstone area, copper from Lake Superior, and shells from the Gulf Coast in locations distant from their origins. While most Hopewell complexes seem to have been used for less than two centuries, evidence suggests that Hopewell Mound Group remained an important ceremonial center throughout the entire era of the Hopewell Culture in Ohio, a period of about four hundred years! Indian Mounds of the Middle Ohio Valley: A Guide to Mounds and Earthworks of the Adena, Hopewell, Cole, and Fort Ancient People. Although the earthworks were mapped in the early 1800s by Caleb Atwater, excavations of the mounds were not formally started until the 1840s. Burial mounds and hand-dug earthworks show the site had been occupied since the 1400s. Park grounds are open every day during daylight hours. A map of the Portsmouth Earthworks, Group C, a Hopewell Culture series of mounds located in Greenup County, Kentucky. Wikimedia Commons/Nyttend Situated in southern Indiana, the area was discovered to be a treasure trove of ancient artifacts in 1988 when road construction crews damaged a mound. Tejas > Caddo Fundamentals > Spiro and the Arkansas Basin The general shape of the Hopewell Mound Group is a parallelogram 1,800 feet long on the east and the west sides and 2,800 feet long on the north and south. Mounds, These groups are the Central Plains Village culture known as the Steed-Kisker Phase. Please report violations to a ranger or by calling us or emailing us. Displays tell the history of the Otoe-Missouria, Osage, Delaware, Ioway, Ilini-Peoria, Kanza, Kickapoo, Sac and Fox, and Shawnee tribes. Huge ceremonial blades made of obsidian from Yellowstone National Park were discovered here. Path, not on the interpretive trail and hotel availability for your vacation buried here part! 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